Herman Melville And Moby Dick Essays - Moby-Dick, Ishmael, Queequeg

Herman Melville And Moby Dick I. Biographical Insights A. The culture this great author was a part of was the time in American history where inspiring works of literature began to emerge. It was also a time when American writers had not completely separated its literary heritage from Europe, partly because there were successful literary genius' flourishing there. B. Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819, he was the son of Allan and Maria Melville. During Herman's childhood he lived in the "good" neighborhoods of New York City. In 1832 Herman suffered tragedy when his father died after trying to cope with the stress of debts and misfortunes. After a short time in a business house in New York City, Herman determined he needed to go to sea. He spent years traveling on a variety of ships, including whaling ships. C1. Melville's perspective on life is that God created the universe with an infinite number of meanings and man is always trying to determine one specific meaning. D2. The "lessons" that Melville is likely to weave into his writing are 1. An exposition on whales and the whaling industry. 2. A commentary on the universe and human destiny. 3. Thoughts about God and Nature. III. Characters B. The protagonist in this book is Ishmael, a Christian, schoolteacher and part-time sailor. Ishmael's role in the hunt for "Moby Dick" is to interpret what is happening. He discusses his reasons for going to sea and interprets and looks for understanding a number of reasons for any specific action where other characters only understand one reason. C. It is hard to say what changes take place in Ishmael's personality, since he is the narrator he doesn't talk about himself, he only talks about what he sees. D1. Ishmael befriends Queequeg who is a cannibal. Even though Queequeg is very ugly Ishmael sees that Queequeg has an honest heart, great honor, and a lot of courage. This friendship had a positive influence on Ishmael's behavior because it taught him not to judge on outward appearances. E2. Another relationship that was very short was the relationship between Ishmael and Captain Ahab. For the first few days aboard the Pequod Ishmael always saw Ahab in the shadows. When Ishmael finally saw Ahab he had shivers run through his body. Ishmael felt Ahab's attitude of determination, dedication and hatred towards "Moby Dick" in Ahab's appearance. This relationship was a negative relationship because Ishmael now feared Ahab and did not want to become friends with such an evil person. F. The conflict that Ishmael experienced was that he saw how Ahab was such an evil man and that Ishmael was a good natured man and did not want to be corrupted by Ahab. To resolve this conflict Ishmael stayed away from Ahab. Representative Passage on Imagery and Figurative Language "Yonder, by the ever-brimming goblet's rim, the warm waves blush like wine. The gold brow plumbs the blue. The diver sun?long dived from noon,?goes down; my soul mounts up! she wearies with her endless hill. Is, then, the crown too heavy that I wear? this Iron Crown of Lombardy. Yet is it bright with many a gem; I, the wearer, see not its far flashings; but darkly fell that I wear that, that dazzlingly confounds. ?Tis iron?that I know?not gold. ?Tis split, too?that I feel; the jagged edge galls me so, my brain seems to beat against the solid metal." Chapter LV A. The details being used to make us feel like we are watching a sunset is that it says "the warm waves blush like wine. The gold brow plumbs the blue. The diver sun?long dived from noon,?goes down; my soul mounts up!" B. The similes the author uses are the comparison of the colored waves of the sunset to wine. I believe that when the author is talking about the "Iron Crown of Lombardy" he is talking about the sun. When it says "Is, then, the crown too heavy that I wear?" he is talking about the sunrise as the sun first starts ascending. I think that noon is where it is says "Yet is it bright with many a gem; I, the wearer, see not its far flashings;". I also think that "?Tis iron?that I know?not gold. ?Tis split, too?that I feel; the jagged edge galls me so, my brain seems to beat against the solid metal." means he wants to take off the crown signifying sunset. IV. Symbolism / Allusions D. The objects that are representative of larger ideas are Moby Dick who

Import Regulation and Distribution Essays

Import Regulation and Distribution Essays Import Regulation and Distribution Essay Import Regulation and Distribution Essay All goods imported into Canada are subjected to duties. For importing aroma pens from France. first of all. there must be a registered company in Canada which can import lawfully. CBSA. Canada Border Services Agency. has highlighted assorted stairss for importing of goods into Canada. It insists that the company must use for a Business Number. which is enrollment for an import-export history with the CRA. Canada Revenue Agency. Further. CBSA suggests that another enrollment is needed for the GST. Goods and Services Tax. This GST is levied on most of the goods that are imported into Canada. with exclusion to goods imported under NAFTA. North American Free Trade Agreement. Since aroma pens come under the class of aromas and cosmetics. it becomes indispensable to see the excess outgo due to the duty for importing from a fabrication state other than the USA ( in our instance. France ) . Further. these duties will besides change with the ingredients of the aroma used in the imported pens. Since. the aroma pens made by the Gallic manufacturer- Sensrise. have different fruit. oil and cocoa aromas. it can be deduced from the CBSA duty agenda that the duties will besides change. Harmonizing to the IMMR. International Market Research Report from Industry Canada. import of aromas from the USA history for 70 % of Canada’s entire import of these merchandises. while France accounts merely 12 % of Canada’s entire imports. Besides. Cosmetic Business ( 2003 ) reported that it is besides compulsory to subject a Cosmetic Notification Form. CNF. to Product Safety Bureau of Health Canada. Further. it can be inferred from the study that it is the duty of the importer in Canada to guarantee that the aroma pens must follow with the demands of three statute laws: The Food and Drug Act. The Consumer Packaging and Labeling Act. and The Canadian Broadcasting Act. Logisticss and Distribution Freight charges will be levied for the lading bringing of jammed cartons of aroma pens harmonizing to the bing rates. which would depend on the manner of transit: sea or air. the weight. the volume. and whether shipped as a individual container or by sharing with other lading. The aroma pens imported from France can be sold and distributed in the finish market of Vancouver through assorted channels. Harmonizing to the IMMR. about 85 % of the gross revenues of cosmetics and toilet articless to Canadian consumers are through retail channels like drug shops. departmental shops. mass merchants and nutrient shops. A Google hunt lists some of the aroma distributers functioning the retail markets in Vancouver. Distributors: The major aroma distributers functioning the Vancouver country include: o Cosmolane. which are distributers for trade names like Orlane. Annayake and Rubis o Scorpio. which are distributers for Diesel. Emporio Armani. Ralph Lauren. and to planetary inflight retail market O Globex. which are distributers for Gucci. Dolce A ; Gabanna and Kenzo o Charmei Marketing Corp. and Town Distributors are besides in the aromas distribution concern It must be mentioned that e-commerce can besides be an effectual direct selling scheme to provide to the internet-savvy consumers. However. the IMMR warns that the consumer would still hold to pay Canadian revenue enhancements and imposts responsibilities if the value of the postal or courier import exceeds the maximal allowable value. Based on the above preliminary research. it can be concluded that the Gallic maker of aroma pens. Sensrise would necessitate a comprehensive research to invent an effectual selling scheme for selling its advanced and attractive aroma pens to the Canadian consumers. Mentions Canada Border Services Agency. ( n. d. ) . A bit-by-bit usher to importing. Retrieved March 27. 2009. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cbsa. gigahertz. ca/sme-pme/i-guide-eng. html Cosmetic Business. ( 2003 ) . The Canadian Cosmetics Market. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cosmetic-business. com/en/showartikel. php? art_id=22 Parent. M. ( 2003 ) . International market research studies. Industry Canada. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //strategis. Intelligence Community. gigahertz. ca/eic/site/imr-ri. nsf/eng/gr109695. hypertext markup language

EXTRA PAYMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EXTRA PAYMENT - Essay Example It is a mass-based airline, therefore it must adopt a dual strategy by competing in the price segment as well as the premium segment. To achieve this differentiation, it may even develop a new economy brand that offers value for money, while retaining the original BA brand for its premium customers who are willing to pay extra for its services. The brand differentiation will help to create a strong product positioning and sharp market segmentation for BA. It will clear its focus regarding its target customers and define and differentiate their aspirations and priorities, instead of following a â€Å"treat-them-all-the-same† approach. The economy brand of BA will be able to derive great benefit from the strong brand identity of the original British Airways that is focused on premium quality and service. Therefore, within the price segment options, the customer may prefer the BA economy option, considering the BA brand value and the image of reliability that comes along with it. The exceptional quality and services culture of the original BA brand, its investments in training, motivation and employee development, its wealth of learning and experience in creating a service oriented organization, are bound to provide incidental gains to its economy brand. So even within the price market, the BA economy brand could be in a position to stand out amongst other price competitors, with its service-oriented history, reputation, culture and employee orientation. Along with the strategy on pricing, brand differentiation, and service quality, it is equally important to deliver the clear message to the potential customers. Therefore, effective and focused marketing and advertising strategies have to be in place to ensure that the customers get a clear understanding of the unique product offerings of the British Airways. In the airlines industry, as in any services industry, employee development and motivation is

Statistical Analysis in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistical Analysis in Nursing - Essay Example 2.Non parametric tests like Chi square tests and Fischer’s test (as used in this study) are used when the sample size is small and does not represent the population in totality and also when the variables are ordinal, nominal and discrete variables( variables which cannot be measured and even if measured cannot be extrapolated to decimal places). Chi square value evaluates the association or independence between the two variables. If the probability value (p value) for null hypothesis for a particular value of chi square exceeds the critical chi square value then it is inferred that the two variables are not independent and the two variables are significantly associated with each other. ... ean importance values for each factor for the group of 21 nurses studied which were likely to influence decision making patterns were- future health status, 39%; family input, 19%; person's age, 13%; extra cost to agency, 12%; functional status, 10%; and mental competence, 6%. There were three other decision-making patterns, each exhibited by one nurse: One nurse relied heavily on mental competence (43%) and person's age (52%), another emphasized mental competence (43%) and functional status (29%), and the third used extra cost to agency (66%) supplemented by person's age (18%) for treatment of ID. Nurse's work site, age, education, and years of experience did not discriminate among these decision making patterns in this small pilot study sample.(These factors were not associated or correlated with decision making ) 3. Parametric tests like Student’s t test and ANOVA wee not suitable for this study as because the variables in question were not quantitative variables(measuremen t variables) and also because the sample size was too small. 4. The strengths of the study was rather than a prescriptive or normative perspective on decision making the method revealed how actually a decision making happens in a real life simulated situation. The measurements were appropriate in relation to chi square, Pearson’s r and Fischer’s test considering small and non-representative sample of the total population. The study design included all the appropriate variables that could have affected decision making process. The limitations were the sample size which needed to be more to have a correct extrapolation to the ID population treated at the ED on totality. Real-world decision making may depart from what was found in this study because simulation provides only an approximation of

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE - Essay Example A deep yearning for perfection constantly stirs my motivation, and coupled with my commitment, it keeps pushing me through new thresholds of research and study. Therefore, to embark upon a path of continued education and development I became an active member of the Taiwan Marketing Society. This offered me a platform for further studies and enabled me to carry out research. I have thus, together with other members, been able to submit several research papers in a variety of topics. I have chosen to apply for a PhD in Marketing because of my continued interest and involvement with this area of study, and I believe I have much to contribute to this area of research and its impact. Should my application be accepted, I am keen to join this programme as early as possible, latest by Autumn of 2007. I wished to make a substantial contribution in my field through writing and research and this is motivated me for the PhD programme. This is what encouraged and motivated me to study harder, and more importantly, to study smarter. I earned many awards and distinctions during my studies at Switzerland. My areas of studies were in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry and in a broader context, in the service sector and consumer behaviours. I did a Diploma in Hotel Operation from Hospitality College, Lausanne, Switzerland and a Bachelor of Science Degree in International Hotel & Tourism from International Hotel and Tourism College, Lucerne, Switzerland. Since my return to my country of origin, I have completed my Masters in Business Administration (MBA) specializing in Global Marketing Groups from National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. I have chosen to study Marketing for the Ph.D. program, because of my continued interest in, and involvement with this area of study, I have chosen to apply for entrance to the Ph.D. Marketing Program,

EPS Waste Water Treatment Group | Business Structure

EPS Waste Water Treatment Group | Business Structure Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction EPS History of EPS Awards EPS Group Achieved 2013 EPS are to represent Ireland at European Business Awards Corporate Social Responsibility Departments of EPS Finance Department General Accounts Wages and Payroll Sales Marketing Advertising Sales Customer Service Human Resource Hiring Dismissal Disciplinary Actions Training Research Purchasing Department Purchasing Materials Evaluating Price Paperwork and Accounting Bibliography Introduction to EPS The organisation I have chosen is EPS Waste Water Treatment Group. EPS Group is a Pumping Treatment System Ltd. EPS is a specialist wet infrastructure support services group of companies operating across the Republic of Ireland and the UK, one of the few genuine end –to-end service providers in the global water sector. The head office of EPS is based in Mallow, Co: Cork. They also have many more branches. Ballyhaunis , Co:Mayo Mountrath, Co: Laois Naas, Co: Kildare Northern Ireland Over the years EPS has grown from a modest electrical and pumping service business into an innovative, internationally exporting product and service provider, now EPS is focused upon the water, wastewater and clean technology sectors. EPS Group provides services to municipal, industrial, commercial, agriculture and domestic clients and currently export to over 30 different countries worldwide. EPS has an annual turnover of â‚ ¬70 million and a dedicated workforce of approximately 360 people including their own design and project delivery team of process, mechanical, electrical, civil and chemical engineers. EPS are Ireland’s largest, privately owned Design – Build – Operate (DBO) partner for the delivery and operation of water and wastewater assets. There current long-term operational covers over 200 treatment assets serving a population close to 1 million. EPS have held contracts with all 34 municipalities in the Republic of Ireland. Since entering the UK market EPS have been appointed to 11 frameworks with UK companies. EPS provided a widespread of services and products to the Wet Infrastructure sector. They are one of Europe’s largest pump resellers. Design-Build-Operate of private water and wastewater treatment facilities. Energy management services improving the operation of treatment facilities. EPS have a wide range of loyal customers, covering many sectors and sub-markets. History of EPS In 1968 Kanturk Electrical and Farm Services Ltd, was founded 45 years ago by Gerald Buckley in Kanturk, Co: Cork. 1973 – Electrical Pump Services ltd was founded through expansion in Mallow, Co: Cork. Both Paddy Buckley and Betty O’Connor were on board to support the development of the business. Also the same year Galway opened its branch to support activities in the West of Ireland. 1978- Liam Sheahan joined them as Financial Director. 1984- Opened new branch in Ballyhaunuis Co: Mayo. 1997- New distribution / Warehouse / Service / Repair centre in Mallow, Co: Cork 1998 – Acquisition of Aquapure, UK, Significant expansion into industrial wastewater treatment resulting in projects in England, Cyprus, Bahain, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Scotland and Wales. 1995 The first major National Development Plan in Ireland was implemented. 2000 – EPS renewed the National Development Plan. 2002 – EPS Bison established itself as a significant Irish player in this sector, providing solutions to in excess of 30,000 Irish homes. 2003 – EPS secured Dundalk Drogheda a 20 year contract. 2007 – EPS opened a new 2000m sq. in Mallow to support the on-going development of the business. Awards EPS Group Achieved 2013 EPS are to represent Ireland at European Business Awards EPS will represent Ireland as National Champion in the 2013/2014 European Business Awards Programme under the Environmental and Corporate Social Responsibility Category. 2012 EPS wins Energy Efficiency Award EPS won a major award for energy efficiency at the annual Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) Awards 2012 EPS won the Green Energy Award for 2012 The successful EPS entry was the innovative Bio-crack sludge. 2011 Recognition for EPS by IOSH for health and safety EPS achieved the ultimate A Grade in Safe T certification. 2011 Sustainable Energy Awards 2011 (SEAI) Categories include:- Category C – Energy Efficiency Award – major Users â‚ ¬350,000 annual spend Category I – Sustainable Energy Innovation Award 2011 Anglian Water – â€Å"We love what you do† Awards EPS was shortlisted fort his award 2011 Achilles Audit Success EPS received a scoring of 100% in its Health Safety, Environment and Quality Audit 2011 EPS to represent Ireland in European Business Awards 2011 Green Innovation Awards EPS shortlisted for the Green Awards 2011 2009 Safe – T-Cert Received from Construction Industry Federation Ireland 2008 Mallow Business Awards Received Award for Largest Company of the Year 2003 CEEQUAL Civil Engineering Environmental Assessment and Awards Scheme Project Corporate Social Responsibility The EPS Group is committed to work ethically and to contribute to the economic development and quality of life improvement of all their employees, their families and the local communities in which they operate. Every year EPS participates in numerous fundraising and charity activities and awareness events. They do this in a number of different ways, including: Direct financial contributions/support Support for employees and management in their efforts and activities with various community groups Provision of secretarial, photocopying and campaign material for local community organisations Direct financial contributions to national and international charity groups The current community groups that are supported from EPS are: Local National GAA Clubs Rugby Clubs MS and Water Aid Hospice Movement St Vincent De Paul AADI – Autism Assist Dogs Ireland Jack Jill Foundation Enable Ireland Special Olympics Ireland St Joseph’s Foundation The Kambuie Project The Eoin Cronin Fund Departments of EPS There are 4 main departments within EPS Company. Finance Department Sales Marketing Human Resources Purchasing Department Finance Department One of the most important departments in EPS is the Finance department. The functions within the finance departments include: General Accounts The role expected from general accounts office is responsible for the preparation of quarterly and end of year finance and management accounts. This department also handles the bookkeeping and keeps records of the money coming in and going out of the business. This also includes chasing up on late payments and paying for items purchased, handling invoices, monitoring budgets. EPS finance staff assists in providing the information for their annual audit every year. Wages and Payroll In EPS and other company’s payroll is the figure of all financial records or salaries for an employee, paying staff salaries /wages, bonuses and deductions. Sales Marketing In Sales and Marketing the duties include selling and promoting organisations goods or services, the roles of sales and marketing are: Advertising, Sales and Customer service. Advertising EPS need to market their products and services to continuously attract customers. A major part of marketing is designing, updating and promoting the EPS website. Sales A Sales department has several functions in EPS. The sales people are trained in knowledge of the goods and how to sell these products. The salesmen will then try and persuade the customer to purchase the product that is manufactured through marketing research. In EPS the salesmen are given a target each year – therefore they have to reach their goal to try and achieve it. Customer Service One of the roles of an EPS customer service representative is to interact with EPS customers to provide them with information to address enquires regarding products and services. They deal with and help customers resolve any customer problems; this is usually done via a telephone call. Human Resources The human resource department is responsible for the provision of the full range of HR. The functions of HR include: Hiring Dismissal, Disciplinary Actions, and Training Research. Hiring Dismissal When hiring employee’s in EPS they handle each hiring the same way. They will be given a 3-6 month contract; if the probation period is satisfactory to their employer this will result in their contract being extended until further notice. They also handle hiring the same way; if an employee is not performing up to standard then they will terminate that employee. Disciplinary Actions As with most large companies EPS have a policy around issues such as dealing with discrimination, harassment, violence, drug and alcohol use within the workplace. Help is given to employees that need it. Training Training is provided to EPS employees with support and guidance this is to help them develop their skills, knowledge and to motivate them to carry out work-related tasks within the company (EPS). These trainers will help with on-going, long term progress of employee’s skills and enable them to achieve their potential. Research EPS will research the needs of the customers and then develop the product that’s required. They also ensure the continuing productive capacity within the company. The company develops product prototype prior to the final launch of end product. Purchasing Department Most major companies have a purchasing department as part of everyday operations. EPS are one of the companies that provide a service that is the backbone of manufacturing and retail. Purchasing Materials One of the roles of the purchasing department is to buy all necessary raw materials that are required for production. In EPS the purchasing department makes sure there are always sufficient raw materials in the warehouse to keep the customers happy and keep the store well-stocked at all times. Evaluating Price A purchasing department is also charged with continuously evaluating whether it is receiving these materials at the best possible price in order to maximise profitability. This may affect small businesses that may purchase fewer quantities and may not receive the same type of bulk discounts. A purchasing department in a small business will need to shop around to find the best vendor at the most reasonable price. Paperwork and Accounting Purchasing department handle all paperwork involved with purchasing and delivery of supplies and materials. Purchasing ensures timely delivery of materials from vendors and can track all purchase orders. Bibliography http://www.epswater.ie/ http://www.epswater.ie/news-articles-eps-group/bison-joins-forces-with-conder-and-premier-tech.2746.html http://www.epswater.ie/news-articles-eps-group.26.5.html http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/finance/aims-of-finance-department.html#axzz2nixFNaAy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing http://www.epswater.ie/sustainability/awards.214.html Valerie Callaghan O’Shea

Sexual Selection: Fact or Fiction Essay -- Biology Essays Research Pap

Sexual Selection: Fact or Fiction Darwin's theory of sexual selection is an intriguing one because it offers an explanation of human striving and cultural value systems. The theory is that humans who are more sexually desirable will have more offspring and thus their traits will be passed on to future generations to a greater extent than those of less sexually desirable humans. As opposed to Darwin's other theory, natural selection, those who are the best adapted to their environment will be more likely to pass on their genes, or, "survival of the fittest", you might call sexual selection "survival of the sexiest." The theory is intended to in part explain why, when humans diverged from other primates, the human brain tripled in size in just two million years. At first glance, this theory also seems to explain much of the motivation behind human culture and achievement. Upon closer inspection, there are some fairly conspicuous problems with it, especially when it is extended to describe not only human evolution in th e distant past but it the present, but it may still be the most plausible explanation available to explain why humans mental capacities have expanded so far beyond those of our primate relatives. It makes complete sense that we would be biologically driven to prove our sexiness. At the most basic level, this could explain the plenitude and popularity of fashion magazines for young women and the emphasis on being good at sports in school for both genders. Beyond this, it could also explain why men and women are driven to succeed at their various careers, or to be perceived to be successful, smart, witty, fun-loving, good-looking, responsible, or any of a number of things that human aspire to be which are also s... ...corded history. Even if this theory was once true, it does not appear to hold true anymore, because those who we consider the most successful and desirable are not producing the greatest number of offspring, and so, the traits that are being selected for future generations may be entirely different. Ironically, we may be spending our lives trying to prove we have traits which evolution is actually selecting against. References 1) Creativity, Evolution and Mental Illnesses http://jom-emit.cfpm.org/1997/vol1/preti_a&miotto_p.html 2) Evolution, Creativity, and ADD http://borntoexplore.org/evolve.htm 3) Sexual Selection and the Mind: A Talk with Geoffrey Miller http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/miller/miller_p2.html 4) The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?12.008

Examine the role of the witches in Macbeth Essay

King James I succeeded Queen Elizabeth I on the throne of England in 1603. He was a member of the Stuart dynasty and was already the King of Scotland. This meant he united the two kingdoms, ending incessant warring between the two nations. James hoped to end the period of religious turmoil that had engulfed England for the previous century. The people in 17th Century England were very superstitious and witchcraft was the object of fevered fascination. In 1604 a law was passed that said anyone convicted of witchcraft should be executed. King James I was as fascinated by witches as his subjects, and in 1590 he personally interrogated a group of witches who had plotted to kill him. Misogyny and a strong belief that morality was being upheld fuelled society’s hatred of witches. World Order was an important factor of seventeenth century life. World Order was a system in which God was at the top of the chain, followed by the King or Queen, then humans, birds, animals and fish. They believed that the King had been directly chosen by God and therefore did not have to answer to parliament. The human section of the Order was split into subdivisions of classes. It was believed that each person was born into their social status and ambition to rise above their position was considered unacceptable and was punishable by political means or by fate. The audience would immediately realise that once Macbeth had murdered the King, he would have to die, as he had disturbed God’s natural order. The first scene of Macbeth prepares the audience for the entrance of the witches with the use of pathetic fallacy. This is used to dramatic effect, with thunder, lightning and rain applied to create a feeling of chaos. The scene being set in a desolate place reinforces this idea, with the setting making it seem like the events that will unfold will be of an ominous nature. The words the witches use support the idea of chaos and disturbance. The word ‘hurly-burly’ is used to show the turmoil at the time, with the area being ravaged by battle. Another phrase used to show disturbance is ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’. This phrase makes the audience wonder how anything fair can possibly be foul, thus creating confusion. There are many indicators that the ‘three weird sisters’ are witches. These include the use of the number three, the familiars and the language of the sisters. The number three is a number often believed to be magical, and throughout the play Shakespeare frequently uses this number throughout the play. All three of the sisters have familiars, demons who take the form of creatures to aid witches with their evil craft. This is shown when the witches say ‘I come Graymalkin’, ‘Paddock calls’ and ‘Anon’. Some of the sisters say things that can be interpreted as being related to witchcraft, including ‘that will be ere the set of sun’. This relates to witchcraft, as traditionally it was believed that witches performed magic at sunset. In Act I Scene 1, the Captain tells the story of Macbeth being a brave and noble man who is valiant and trustworthy. He gives an account of a battle that has just taken place and tells the king of Macbeth’s role in it. As the man telling the story holds the rank of Captain, trust is established between him and the audience. The use of words such as ‘carved’, ‘unseamed’ and ‘steel’ have connotations of murder and butchery, showing Macbeth’s bloodthirstiness in battle. The Captain also uses the phrase ‘or memorise another Golgotha’. This compares Macbeth’s fighting as being as bloody and savage as the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. This is a huge comparison, as Christ is a holy figure. I think that this shows Macbeth fights with such passion it could be almost a religion. A semantic field of ‘warfare and battle’ supports this scene, with lexis including ‘choke’; ‘rebel’; ‘galloglasses’; ‘smoked’; ‘over-charged’; ‘bloody’; ‘execution’; ‘carved’; ‘battlements’; ‘cannons’ and ‘wounds’. I think the words ‘choke’ and ‘over-charged’ are strong words, as they both show the zeal and ferocity Macbeth fought with. There is a large contrast between the way the witches and the Captain portray Macbeth. This creates an ambivalent presentation of Macbeth, allowing the audience to interpret Macbeth’s character in different ways. As a result of this, Macbeth’s entrance to the play is delayed until the third scene to allow the witches and the Captain to speak. The contradictory ideas about Macbeth that are spoken create tension, as the audience waits to see the true nature of Macbeth. A witch speaks before Macbeth’s arrival in Act I Scene 3, the line ‘A drum, a drum, Macbeth doth come’. This line has a strong aural quality, and the rhyming of ‘drum’ and ‘come’ creates a sound like a heartbeat, or a drum signifying war. This creates uncertainty in the audience’s mind, and prepares them for an ominous scene. Throughout the first scene of the play the witches are presented to the audience as puzzling creatures, possibly closer akin to Satan than humans. Their characters seem uncertain and their strange speech patterns are an enigma. They speak many contradictions including ‘when the battle’s lost and won’ and ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’. These contradictions could possibly be affiliated to world order, and the 17th Century audience may interpret the witches’ speech as a disturbance of that. The second appearance of the witches gives an insight into the power of the witches. The first witch tells the others about a woman who insulted her and how she would take her revenge upon the woman’s husband. The woman’s husband was the captain of a ship and the witch says ‘in a sieve I’ll thither sail’ and ‘I’ll do, I’ll do, and I’ll do’. One of the skills witches were credited with was the ability to sail in sieves and the use of this and the way in which ‘I’ll do’ is repeated three times, suggests some form of incantation will be used upon the sailor. The other witches offer to ‘give a wind’, allowing her to create a storm at the ship’s location. This shows that while the witches cannot directly control people, they do have control over the environment and they can use this to change the circumstances of people. What the witches plan to do with the captain is very alike what happens to Macbeth in the future. â€Å"Sleep shall neither night nor day† is similar to Macbeth after murdering Duncan, where he is plagued by nightmares and cannot sleep. This links Macbeth to the witches and shows his evil nature. When Macbeth meets the witches he is greeted with the witches saying ‘hail to thee, Thane of Glamis’, ‘hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor’ and ‘All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter’. The three lines indicate the three states of being: past, present and future. ‘Glamis’ shows the past tense, as Macbeth has been Thane of Glamis for a significant amount of time and he is aware of his position. ‘Cawdor’ represents the present, as unbeknown to him, Duncan has just stripped the previous Thane of Cawdor of his title, and will issue it to Macbeth. The final greeting is a prophecy, and it tells Macbeth that he will become King of England. The close repetition of the phrase gives the parallelism a strong rhythmic value, creating a sound that is similar to a spell or incantation. This reminds the audience that the prophecy has come from the mouths of evil, and so cannot be pure. After hearing these prophecies Macbeth responds by physically jolting. Banquo saying ‘why do you start and seem to fear’ shows this. There are three possible explanations for him jumping. Either Macbeth jumps in fear of the witches, jumps because he knows Duncan must die, or because the idea of murdering the king was already in his mind. In my opinion the reason Shakespeare put Banquo’s line into the play was to make the audience wonder if Macbeth had already thought about killing Duncan and claiming the throne. After the prophecies are given, Macbeth also orders the witches to tell him more. Imperative verbs are used to show his commands. These include ‘stay’ and ‘speak’. These show Macbeth wants to know more and show his military commanding background. It appears that he is used to having his orders carried out. Ross – a herald of King Duncan – then gives the news that Macbeth is Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth responds by saying ‘The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me in borrowed robes?’ This is part of a set of ‘clothes’ images throughout the play. This series of images supports the theme of the play, assuming a false identity and assuming someone else place. Clothing is used because Macbeth appears to be hiding his true nature behind the valiant robes of kingship. The set of images is effective because clothing can suggest concealment and disguise. After being assured of his position as Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth edges into a soliloquy. This is a dramatic technique and shows a character’s innermost thoughts. The phrase ‘if ill, why hath it given me earnest of success?’ is spoken by Macbeth, and shows how he cannot understand how the prophecies can possibly be evil when they have given him success. This shows he fully believes the witches and so means he will be likely to commit the murder of the king. A series of images from the stage is in this soliloquy with words such as ‘prologues’; ‘act’ and ‘imperial theme’. Another one of William Shakespeare’s plays, ‘As You Like It’ has a similar theme and a character in it says ‘All the world’s a stage and the characters merely players. They have their exits and their entrances.’ This displays world order, and it can be seen that each person has a part to play and must not step out of his or her role. By killing Duncan, Macbeth will step out of his role and cause chaos. I also think this can be related to Macbeth, as the witches have carefully orchestrated his life and have great control over his destiny. This is very much alike to the lines or acts in a play, while his exit will be his fate. At the end of the soliloquy there is also another clothes image, when Banquo says ‘look how our partner’s rapt’. This is a pun, as Macbeth is ‘spellbound’ but also metaphorically ‘wrapped’ in the clothes of another man – the king. The language of Macbeth’s letter to his wife shows that he has chosen to believe the witches prophesies. The letter opens with the phrase ‘They met me in the day of success’. This shows that all the experiences he had that day were successful, the battle and the encounter with the witches. The phrase ‘they have more in them than mortal knowledge’ shows that he fully believes they have magical powers, and that he trusts they will be beneficial to his cause. He says he ‘burned in desire to question them further’, showing the audience his desperate need to know more information. The phrase ‘fate and metaphysical aid doth seem’ is used by Lady Macbeth in her response to Macbeth’s letter. This phrase is significant as it shows her readiness to ally herself with evil and the magic of the witches. It also shows that she believes fate has placed the supernatural witches in their paths and they would be wrong to side against them. Lady Macbeth has a large soliloquy in Act I Scene 5. A soliloquy is where an actor turns to the audience and speaks directly to them, as if the character were daydreaming. The actor speaks the truth – as their character perceives it to be – to the audience. This technique is used to great dramatic effect by Shakespeare. In her soliloquy her deadly intent is revealed. The words ‘I feel now the future in the instant’ spoken by Lady Macbeth are very significant. They show that she believes their future will be decided by their actions regarding the king. I think that at this point she knows what must be done for her husband to become King. Lady Macbeth graphically indicates her decision to bring about the death of King Duncan by saying ‘O never shall sun that morrow see’. This shows that when the king goes to sleep, he shall never see daylight again: his fate is inevitable. ‘Sun’ is used as an image because the sun is a symbolic representation of monarchy. Also, in world order, kings where the highest placed creature, just as the sun is the most important thing in the sky. When Macbeth rejoins his wife, they speak of their plans to kill Duncan. She advises Macbeth to ‘look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t’. This means she wants Macbeth to look honest and friendly on the outside, yet on the inside, be as venomous as a vicious serpent and murder the king. The audience at the time would make a link between this and the Gunpowder Plot. The medals awarded during the plot to commemorate James’ escape featured a flower intertwined with a snake. As this had only recently happened in Shakespeare’s time, the audience would immediately recognise the connection. In Act I Scene 6, Duncan visits Macbeth’s castle. At the scene’s start, Duncan remarks upon how agreeable the castle is, with phrases such as ‘hath a pleasant seat’ and ‘recommends itself’ displaying his thoughts. This is ironic, as the castle looks like ‘th’innocent flower’ but is really ‘the serpent under’t’, as the king finds out. Lady Macbeth uses many euphemisms for murder in her soliloquy. Examples of these are ‘provided for’, ‘great business’ and ‘dispatch’. The use of euphemism shows that she does not want to explicitly state her murderous intentions clearly. A reason for this could be that she is afraid of being overheard and accused of treason. However, I think the main reason is that if she clearly said ‘murder’ the situation would seem more ‘real’ and she would see the extent of the crime. I believe she is still unsure herself about the gravity of the situation. The euphemisms all have double meanings, and these could be seen as a type of test for Macbeth to see how he would react to the suggestions. ‘Provided for’ could mean to be fed or to be killed. The ‘great business’ could be seen to be the feasting or the murder that would mean greatness for the Macbeths. The word ‘dispatch’ could mean welcom ing the guest, or the murder. In Act I Scene 7 Macbeth has a soliloquy that shows his indecisive state of mind. There are many words which show doubt, including ‘if’ and ‘but’, displaying how he is considering his actions and is not fully committed to the cause. This is supported by the language of thought, including ‘but how’, ‘if’ and ‘could’. Macbeth shows he is aware of just how immoral the murder would be, with the lines ‘he’s here in double trust: first, as I am his kinsman and his subject†¦ then as his host’. Here Macbeth lists his reasons why he should not kill Duncan, as he is his subject, his host and is even related to him. Through the soliloquy Macbeth shows that he understands there will be consequences for murder. ‘Might be the be-all and the end-all – here’ is a line spoken that shows the murder will not be the end of his troubled time; it will be the beginning of an even more distressing s tate. He recognises that consequences will occur to whoever carries out the action and shows it through the phrase ‘bloody instructions which being taught, return to plague th’inventor’. Macbeth also says to himself that Duncan has been a good king and that ‘his virtues will plead like angels’. At the end of the soliloquy an extended metaphor of horsemanship develops. This includes words such as ‘spur’; ‘prick’; ‘vaulting’; ‘o’erleaps’ and ‘falls’. This is prefigures Macbeth’s life, as his ‘vaulting ambition’ is all he has to ‘spur him on’, and it will eventually reach too high (the position of king) and ‘o’erleap’. He will then ‘fall’ and will receive the consequences of his actions. The image of horsemanship was used to remind the audience of Macbeth’s strict militaristic background. Macbeth’s soliloquy shows a huge difference in character between himself and his wife. While his wife immediately resolves that they must kill the king, Macbeth thinks about the consequences. This shows Macbeth does have a conscience and I think this causes the audience to feel sympathetic to his plight. Macbeth has a second soliloquy in Act II Scene 1. Here his intensified fragile state of mind is shown to the audience. Macbeth sees an apparition of a floating dagger, shown through the phrase ‘is this a dagger which I see before me’. This shows that his mind is so focused upon the murder of Duncan, it is seeing weapons everywhere he turns. Phrases such as ‘a dagger of the mind†¦ proceeding from the heat-oppressà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d brain’, show the mental strain Macbeth is under. A semantic field of the ‘supernatural’ underpins this soliloquy, with words including: ‘witchcraft’; ‘Hecate’; ‘murder’; ‘sentinel’; ‘wolf’; ‘stealthy’; ‘ghost’ and ‘fear’. I think that ‘Hecate’ is a particularly powerful word to use as Hecate was traditionally thought to be the goddess of witchcraft. At the beginning of the soliloquy Macbeth is using euphemisms for murder, like ‘the bloody business’. However, towards the end of the soliloquy, the language has developed and now includes words like ‘murder’ and ‘horror’. This shows that Macbeth has now fully made his decision and accepts what he must do. The soliloquy ends with a rhyming couplet, reminiscent of the witches. By using the language of the witches on Macbeth, Shakespeare has identified Macbeth closely with them. This creates the impression that the soliloquy ends with him making his own spell that will mean the death of Duncan. The two soliloquies depict the way in which the witches have effected Macbeth. They have given him advice and he has taken it in the way that he believed was correct. The witches have only influenced him, they have not directly told him what to do. I think Shakespeare has used these soliloquies to give the audience an insight into the mind of a murderer. As this was a 17th Century production, psychology and other studies into the mind had not been begun. This would mean the audience would be enthralled by what would have been revolutionary viewing. Act II Scene 4 takes place outside of Macbeth’s castle and is a conversation between Ross – a thane – and an old man. Though this scene takes place after the murder of Duncan, the two characters discussing the night do not yet know anything about his death. It is important that the man speaking is old, as this means he has lived for a long time among the feuding Scottish warlords. This creates an impression of knowledge, and that the old man would have seen many unusual things. Pathetic fallacy is used, with the phrase ‘dark night strangles the travelling lamp’ signifying an eclipse. I think an eclipse has been used for the night’s weather, as it is highly unusual and would have been considered to be supernatural. This would have given the night an eerie atmosphere. The old man begins the scene by saying ‘this sore night hath trifled former knowings’. This shows that while the man is very old, he cannot remember a night as strange as this. A bank of images relating to the stage is found, including ‘act’ and ‘stage’. These relate to the previous stage images, found in Act I Scene 3. The images link to world order and the way in which everybody has a part to play that they cannot change. By murdering Duncan, Macbeth has stepped out of his role and his upset the balance of world order. ‘A falcon tow’ring in her pride of place was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed’. The falcon is top of the food chain, and this is metaphorical for a lesser animal (Macbeth) killing something that belongs at the top of world order (Duncan). The horses have turned cannibalistic and are eating each other: ‘turned wild in nature, broke their stalls†¦ they eat each other’. This shows just how disturbed the order of the world is, yet it is also metaphorical for Macbeth killing his own kind. The use of language such as ‘entomb’, ‘strange’ and ‘unnatural’ show the precarious state the world is now in, with Duncan dead. Act IV Scene 1 begins with the three witches casting a spell in preparation for their meeting with Macbeth. Pathetic fallacy is once again used, with thunder giving the audience the impression the spell will be destructive. The chant shows many of the prejudices of the time. The witches put many parts of creatures that were considered inferior to the majority into the cauldron. These inferior creatures are: ‘frog’; ‘bat’; ‘dog’; ‘adder’; ‘blind-worm’; ‘lizard’ and ‘howlet’. All of the animals mentioned are creatures of the night, and so were considered very rudimentary forms of life. After more chanting, the witches begin to put in parts of other items associated with death. The mythical ‘dragon’, the predatory ‘wolf’, the evil ‘witches’ mummy’ and the poisonous ‘hemlock’ are all placed into the pot. This adds to the feeling of death and evil. Society’s prejudices come to the forefront of the chant with body parts of non-Christians being added to the pot: ‘liver of blaspheming Jew’, ‘nose of Turk’ and ‘Tartar’s lips’. As Jews, Turks and Tartars were not Christian, the audience would have feared them as they were foreign and their cultures were unknown to them. There is a semantic field of ‘poison’ in the incantation, and the lexis included are: ‘poisoned’; ‘entrails’; ‘toad’; ‘sweltered’; ‘venom’; ‘sleeping’; ‘boil’ and ‘bubble’. These were all added by Shakespeare to make the witches’ concoction appear to be very deadly. Towards the end of the spell, the finger of a ‘birth-strangled babe, ditch delivered by a drab’. A ‘drab’ was a prostitute and the child would have been killed at birth, as an illegitimate child would bring shame upon the family. As it was strangled at birth, the child is unblessed and so would never enter Heaven. This is ‘familiar magic’ and works through association. This could prefigure Macbeth’s murder of Macduff’s children. The magic number three is also used, when the witches say ‘thrice’ towards the start of the spell. The rhymes and rhythm of the words help to reinforce the idea of a deadly spell. The spell has a heavy aural quality, and this meant the audience could feel a part of the play. Rhyming couplets are used throughout the spell, helping to make it seem like a chant. An example of a rhyming couplet is ‘Ditch delivered by a drab, make the gruel thick and slab’. This phrase also has many labials in it, helping to create a sense of evil and decay. Shakespeare also employs onomatopoeia in Macbeth. This helps to reinforce the tension and make an aural sound of a spell. Examples of onomatopoeia are ‘double’, ‘trouble’ and ‘bubble’. There is a language link between this and Act I Scene 2 where the captain describes Macbeth as having ‘doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe’. This helps to tie Macbeth to the witches. I think that Macbeth returns to the witches because he wants to know his future. He has been tortured by the spirit of Banquo whom he has had killed and he fears for his sanity. Macbeth goes to the witches to seek assurances that he will not be dethroned in the future. I think he is looking for a future, as his guilt seems to tell him he will not have a pleasant one. The fact that he comes to the witches for reassurance shows that he has chosen to fully believe them and he trusts them. By consulting them, he is trying to change his own fate. This could further upset the order of the world. Macbeth greets the witches in the following way: ‘How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags! What is’t you do?’ ‘Black’ and ‘secret’ connote concealment and this links to the clothes images that run throughout the play. The use of the phrase ‘midnight hags’ shows that Macbeth understands the power of the witches and that they have just created a spell. Midnight is the witching hour, and this can be cross referenced to Act I Scene 1 where the witches say ‘that will be ere the set of sun’. A witch responds by saying ‘a deed without a name’. This is in keeping with the earlier euphemisms for murder. When Macbeth speaks to the witches he instantly commands them by saying ‘I conjure you’. This is a play on words, as the witches have the ability to conjure things and because he is commanding them. Imperative verbs are once again used, showing that he is used to having his orders carried out. Examples of imperatives are ‘answer’ and ‘speak’. Macbeth is prepared to take the world to the edge of destruction to get the answers he seeks. ‘Castles topple’ and ‘pyramids do slope their heads to their foundations’ shows he does not care about the destruction he causes in his quest. He ends by saying ‘even till destruction sicken’. I believe this would be said with finality, showing how deeply he will pursue his aims. A semantic field of ‘chaos’ underpins this whole section, with words like: ‘winds’; ‘yeasty waves’; ‘confound’; ‘swallow’; ‘lodged’; ‘blown down’; ‘topple’; ‘slope’; ‘tumble’ and ‘destruction’. Semantics are used here to show just how much Macbeth has already disturbed world order by murdering Duncan. The witches create three apparitions that give Macbeth a prophecy each. The first apparition is of an ‘armed head’ and it tells Macbeth:’Beware Macduff, Beware the Thane of Fife’. Macbeth’s immediate response is ‘thou has harped my fear alright’, meaning he has confirmed what he thought. Towards the end of the scene, he says he will act on his first impulse and do what his first instincts say: ‘The very firstlings of my heart shall be, the firstlings of my hand’. After hearing Macduff has fled Scotland, Macbeth turns into a blind rage and orders his men to ‘give to th’edge o’th’sword his wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls that trace him in his line’. The second apparition is of a ‘bloody child’ and tells Macbeth: ‘Laugh to scorn the power of men, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth’. This greatly pleases Macbeth and gives him more security. Although he is reassured, he still makes an oath that he will kill Macduff. I think he does this for extra reassurance in light of the first apparition. The bloody child prefigures the decision Macbeth will make to kill Macduff’s children. The third apparition is of a ‘child crowned, with a tree in his hand’. The child tells Macbeth: ‘Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill shall come against him’. Macbeth responds by saying no one can make the trees move at their will. This shows that he dismisses the prophecy and does not take into consideration the possibilities of how this could occur. Macbeth’s confidence has improved greatly after hearing these prophecies and he confidently asks the third apparition ‘shall Banquo’s issue ever reign in this kingdom?’ By asking the question, Macbeth shows he is still intrigued by the original prophecy of the witches which said Banquo’s descendants will be monarchs. The witches then tell him ‘seek to know no more’. This annoys Macbeth and he childishly says ‘deny me this, and an eternal curse fall on you’, showing his arrogance. After he does this, the witches summon another apparition, this time eight kings with Banquo following behind. Macbeth realises the answer to his question about Banquo’s heirs when he says: ‘Now I see ’tis true, for the blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me, and points at them for his’. Macbeth’s reactions to all the prophecies show his precarious state of mind. Throughout Act IV Scene 1 he lapses into bravado, attempting to show he is confident when in actual fact he is very nervous and afraid. Two examples of bravado used are ‘call ’em, let me see ’em’ and ‘had I three ears, I’d hear thee’. Although he is nervous and fearful of his future, Macbeth still feels superior to the witches. This is shown through phrases such as ‘tell me’ and ‘filthy hags’. Macbeth misses the significance of the third prophecy, where the obvious interpretation of the trees being camouflage is overlooked. This shows that he is no longer thinking like a soldier, and rather a desperate man. The apparition showing Banquo’s heirs is believed to have political significance. The eight king bears a glass (mirror) and it is thought that it would have been pointed at King James I, watched the play. As it was facing James, the audience would have seen the kings face while the line, ‘some I see, that two-fold balls and treble sceptres carry’ was spoken. These represent the two orbs James I carried at his two coronations in Scotland and England, as well as the three kingdoms he now ruled: Scotland, England and Ireland. I think this was put into the play to try and support James. When he came to power, he promised better things for both Catholics and Protestants. However, he seemed not to fulfill these promises in the way that the people wanted and the Gunpowder Plot challenged his rule. I think that Shakespeare put this section in Macbeth to try and show James had a legitimate claim to the throne as he was descended from ancient royalty. In the scene, Macbeth’s assistant is called Seyton. This could possibly be pronounced ‘Satan’, adding to the impression of Macbeth’s growing evil. I think the use of an assistant called Seyton makes it sound as though Macbeth now has his own familiar, the Devil himself. Towards the end of the scene, the doctor tells Macbeth that Lady Macbeth is suffering from a mental ailment. Macbeth’s immediate response is to order the doctor to ‘cure her of that’. The next few lines of the play detail Macbeth asking if the doctor cannot cure ‘a mind diseased’. However, I believe the audience would see the question as Macbeth asking for help himself, as the anxiety and sorrow he describes is what he himself is suffering from. The question is reinforced by a semantic field of ‘cleaning’, with words such as: ‘minister’; ‘pluck’; ‘raze’; ‘antidote’ and ‘cleanse’. I think this shows just how badly Macbeth wants his mental state to be cured. When the doctor says patients must cure themselves, he responds by angrily saying ‘throw physic to the dogs’. This shows his precarious mental state. Act V Scene 8 details the battle between Macbeth and Macduff outside Dunsinane Castle. The scene begins with Macbeth saying he wants to become the great soldier that he once was, and will not commit suicide. The line ‘why should I play the Roman fool and fie on mine own sword?’ shows this. Macbeth tells Macduff that he has avoided him for the entirety of the battle, but his ‘soul is too much charged with blood’. This means he has seen so much death he no longer cares about who he faces. As he is facing Macduff, Macbeth boasts that no naturally born man can kill him. This makes Macduff reveal his own Caesarean birth. Hearing this, Macbeth almost physically collapses. The mental stress and the fake promise of glory from the witches suddenly leave Macbeth, and he is free to sadly muse about his shortcomings. ‘And be these juggling fiends no more believed That palter with us in a double sense, That keep the word of promise to our ear And break it to our hope.’ This section shows how Macbeth now views the witches and their prophecies. The first line shows how he no longer believes the witches. The use of the phrase ‘juggling fiends’ represents his view that the witches have been ‘juggling’ with fate, emotion and people’s lives. ‘That palter with us in a double sense’ means Macbeth now accepts that the witches’ prophecies could have been interpreted in different ways and he made the wrong choices. ‘That keep the word of promise to our ear’ shows how they misled him by speaking of future greatness, but then ‘break it to our hope’. Despite realising that Macduff will kill him, Macbeth decides to die fighting, in an attempt to reclaim some of his lost honour. Another reason for his decision to die fighting is the fact that he cannot bear the thought of being subservient to Malcolm after being in a position of power all his life.

Definition and Examples of a Predicate in a Sentence

Definition and Examples of a Predicate in a Sentence In English grammar, a predicate is one of the two main parts of a sentence or clause. (The other main part is the subject.) It is usually defined as a word group that comes after the subject to complete the meaning of the ​sentence or clause. The predicate is the portion of the sentence that contains the verb (or verb phrase); in very short, simple sentences, it might be only a verb. The predicate tells what happened to the subject or what state its in. In the case of verbs that arent actions, those that describe states of being are called stative verbs. Examples include is or believe. Key Takeaways: Predicates A clause has a subject and a predicate.To be a sentence (an independent clause), there must be a subject and a predicate, and it needs to be a complete thought.A simple predicate is a verb; a complete predicate is everything thats not the subject. Sentences Vs. Clauses A sentence cannot be complete (independent) unless it has both a subject and a predicate; otherwise, a group of words is just a phrase or a clause. For example, a complete sentence could be Go! It has both a subject (You, understood, is the subject, as the sentence is in the imperative voice) and a verb (go). A complete sentence could also be something like Could you please go there? (Subject: you; predicate: could go over there please). But something like after he heard the news or who was the fastest runner arent full sentences but dependent clauses. The groups of words each have a verb (predicate) and a subject, but they arent a complete thought. (Though posed as a question, Who was the fastest runner? is a complete thought.) Types of Predicates A predicate may be many words or just a single word: the verb. In this first example, the verb laughed is the predicate of the sentence: Felix laughed. A predicate may be a word group made up of a main verb and any helping verbs. In the next example, will sing is the predicate.  Notice that the helping verb (will) comes before the main verb (sing). Winnie will sing. A predicate may also be a complete verb phrase- that is, the main verb and all the words related to that verb except the subject. (This construction is called the complete predicate.) In this last example, the predicate is the verb phrase is always greener on the other side: The grass is always greener on the other side. Depending on how detailed you need to get with your analysis of a sentence and its parts, you can also label compound predicates. A predicate is compound if one subject has more than one verb associated with it, joined with a conjunction. In this example, the subject Sandy has two predicates joined by and. She prefers to run first and then eat breakfast afterward. Sandy prefers to run first and then eat breakfast afterward. Notice that this sentence doesnt have two independent clauses. There is just one subject for both verbs. The words that follow the conjunction (and), do not make up an independent clause. Thus, there is no comma placed before and. (This is a very common mistake in writing. Watch for it.) Whether its just one word or many words, the predicate usually follows the subject and tells us something about it. Finding the Predicate Finding predicates isnt difficult; it just takes some examination of the sentence. You just have to understand who is doing what. First, find the subject and then the verb (or verbs). Anything that isnt the subject of the sentence is the predicate. After the long hike up the mountain, the tour group rested and took in the views. The tour group is the subject, the verbs are rested and took in, and everything but the subject is the predicate. Even though the dependent clause comes at the start of the sentence, it still tells something about when the group rested, making it an adverbial phrase. Its not the subject of the sentence and thus belongs in the predicate. If you are to find the simple predicate, its just the verb or verb plus a helper. If you are asked to find the complete predicate, it consists of all the words besides the subject. Examples of Predicates In each of the following sentences, the predicate is in italics. Time flies.We will try.The Johnsons have returned.Bobo has never driven before.We will try harder next time.Hummingbirds sing with their tail feathers.Pedro has not returned from the store.My brother flew a helicopter in Iraq.My mother took our dog to the vet for its shots.Our school cafeteria always smelled like stale cheese and dirty socks.

Free Essays on Market Researcher

The writer as Market Researcher Interviewing Techniques  · Protect genuine interest do not get defensive with interviewee  · Phrase questions in such a way that the users do not know how you want them to reply Some examples of an out line to follow if you are asking about a specific manual are:  · How frequently do you use this manual  · Under what circumstances do you use it  · When did you last use it  · What tasks are you doing when you use it  · How do you use it? Do you sit down and read it, or do you refer to it while you are doing something else?  · How would you rate it (excellent, Good, fair, poor, awful)  · What do you like best about it?  · What would you change about it?  · Do you have marginal notations in it?  · Who else uses the manual?  · Do you know what they use it for? Some examples of questions to ask about a set of manuals for a product are:  · How easy was it to find the information you wanted? Did you 1. Always find the right manual right away 2. Sometimes try another manual before the right one 3. Almost always try the wrong manual first 4. Hunt through several manuals to find the information 5. Mostly find it.  · When you had the right manual, how easy was it to find information in it? 1. Very easy 2. Pretty easy 3. Took more that three tires 4. Had to leaf through looking 5. Never found it  · Were the titles of the manual 1. Very descriptive 2. Descriptive 3. All right 4. Not very descriptive 5. Not at all descriptive Surveying the audience  · To find out the whole customer group you must prepare questionnaires and surveys representative customers  · A sample of people can include customers chosen at random or it can be representative customers  · Surveys can be done by mail, by telephone or in person  · Mail surveys is the most convenient but the least reliable and the least likely to get responses  · Telephone surveys have a much higher response rat... Free Essays on Market Researcher Free Essays on Market Researcher The writer as Market Researcher Interviewing Techniques  · Protect genuine interest do not get defensive with interviewee  · Phrase questions in such a way that the users do not know how you want them to reply Some examples of an out line to follow if you are asking about a specific manual are:  · How frequently do you use this manual  · Under what circumstances do you use it  · When did you last use it  · What tasks are you doing when you use it  · How do you use it? Do you sit down and read it, or do you refer to it while you are doing something else?  · How would you rate it (excellent, Good, fair, poor, awful)  · What do you like best about it?  · What would you change about it?  · Do you have marginal notations in it?  · Who else uses the manual?  · Do you know what they use it for? Some examples of questions to ask about a set of manuals for a product are:  · How easy was it to find the information you wanted? Did you 1. Always find the right manual right away 2. Sometimes try another manual before the right one 3. Almost always try the wrong manual first 4. Hunt through several manuals to find the information 5. Mostly find it.  · When you had the right manual, how easy was it to find information in it? 1. Very easy 2. Pretty easy 3. Took more that three tires 4. Had to leaf through looking 5. Never found it  · Were the titles of the manual 1. Very descriptive 2. Descriptive 3. All right 4. Not very descriptive 5. Not at all descriptive Surveying the audience  · To find out the whole customer group you must prepare questionnaires and surveys representative customers  · A sample of people can include customers chosen at random or it can be representative customers  · Surveys can be done by mail, by telephone or in person  · Mail surveys is the most convenient but the least reliable and the least likely to get responses  · Telephone surveys have a much higher response rat...

Disneyland Resort Paris Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disneyland Resort Paris - Case Study Example From this discussion, it is clear that the target markets of Disney resorts and parks comprise of consumers of all ages since it is an attraction designed to entertain and enchant guests of all ages. However, in order to focus on customers of different age and gender, there are designs of an outpost of creativity, discovery, and entertainment. Nevertheless, Disney resorts focus mainly on children below the age of fourteen, through the main campaign’s direct marketing towards children. Therefore, despite attempts to stir the interests of the adult celebrity portraits series, adult demographics are broadcasted on television and other advertisements. In addition, there are the campaign’s commercials, the slick publicity images that are aimed at children demographics, thus leaving incentives for children below six years to visit the parks. Disneyland in Paris was established in 2006, whereby it consisted of three parks, which include Disney village, Disney land Paris and Di sney Studio Park. In fact, the Village had stores and restraints, while the Disneyland Paris had the main theme park and the Studio Park was focused on movie making a theme. Nevertheless, this was a mistake, since there were numerous factors posing challenges to the establishment of Disneyland in Paris. At the beginning of the project, there were concerns, whereby it was subjected to criticism. In fact, when the announcement was made concerning the building of the park in France, some of the citizens were not supporting the idea. The project was being referred to as the "Cultural Chernobyl† due to the claims that it would affect the French cultural values.

Outline the processes of evolution and explain how either theory of Essay

Outline the processes of evolution and explain how either theory of mind or altruism is an adaptation resulting from the selective forces that have operated dur - Essay Example This is also the rationale behind the arrival of variations in the species of organisms through time. The genius of evolution lies in the fact that although organisms have obviously changed though time, a lot of their features remain strikingly comparable to something from a different age. (The University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, and the Regents of the University of California, 2008) Simply put, evolution is one of the major factors that cause different life forms to continue to exist in the universe. Evolution is a complex process that makes use of several mechanisms or sub-processes. These evolutionary mechanisms are responsible for affecting change in population.. (The University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, and the Regents of the University of California, 2008) The basic mechanisms of evolution that affect change include natural selection, genetic drift, migration or gene flow and mutation. (The University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, and the Regents of the University of California, 2008) Natural selection is the course of action by which inherited characteristics that are pertinent to continued existence and reproduction become more prominent. In natural selection, the traits that are detrimental to one’s survival become less prominent in the next generations. (DOBZHANSKY, 1955) According to the ‘Understanding Evolution’ website, genetic drift can be simply described as an â€Å"evolutionary equivalent of a sampling error†. Another way to describe genetic drift is that the genetic material from one generation does not go on in the same proportions in the next generations for due to a lot of indiscriminate reasons. Genetic drift can be likened to a lottery where a â€Å"winner† is determined by sheer luck or in this case, chance. Genetic drift affects the process of evolution in three ways. First, genetic drift causes a reduction in variations. This causes a population to be